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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'' (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915. With broad coverage, spanning the biological, physical, and social sciences, the journal publishes "original research of exceptional importance",〔http://www.pnas.org/site/authors/index.xhtml〕 alongside scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. In 1999-2009, the last period for which data are available, PNAS was the second most cited journal across all fields of science.〔http://archive.sciencewatch.com/dr/sci/09/aug2-09_2/〕 ''PNAS'' is published weekly in print, and daily online in ''PNAS Early Edition''.
==History==
''PNAS'' was established by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1914, with its first issue published in 1915. The NAS itself had been founded in 1863 as a private institution, but chartered by the United States Congress, with the goal to "investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art". By 1914 the Academy had been well established.
Prior to the inception of PNAS, the National Academy of Sciences published three volumes of organizational transactions, consisting mostly of minutes of meetings and annual reports. In accordance with the guiding principles established by astronomer George Ellery Hale, the foreign secretary of NAS in 1914, ''PNAS'' publishes brief first announcements of Academy members' and foreign associates' more important contributions to research and of work that appears to a member to be of particular importance.〔(Information for Authors )〕
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